The distinctive droopy ears and cheerful, friendly demeanor make the English Cocker Spaniel truly unmistakable. In the profile, learn everything about the history, character, care, and maintenance of Cockers. Additionally, there are sure to be some exciting facts that you may not have known before.

History of the English Cocker Spaniel

While the exact origin of the Cocker Spaniel is not fully clarified, there are indications that dogs from Spain were brought to Great Britain during Roman times. The Latin term “Canis Hispaniolus” (Spanish Dog) evolved over time into the word “Spaniel.” Later, the term appears in several of Shakespeare’s works, indicating the popularity of Spaniels during that time.

Development and Recognition of the Breed:

In the 19th century, the specialization of land spaniels began in England. Originally, Spaniels were divided into land and water Spaniels. Different types emerged based on their weight. Interestingly, Cocker and Springer Spaniels could come from the same litter. In the 1850s and 1860s, additional Cocker Spaniel variants emerged, such as the Welsh Springer Spaniels and Devonshire Cockers. Smaller dogs from Sussex Spaniel litters were also referred to as Cockers.

Starting in 1874, with the first studbooks of the newly founded Kennel Club, a more precise classification began. All Spaniels weighing under 11 kg fell into the Cocker breeding group. Over the years, breeding standards for Cocker and Springer Spaniels were specified and separated, leading to the differences we see today.

Around 1800, Spaniels were divided into different breeds based on their size, with the smallest representative being called the Cocker Spaniel. However, the breed as we know it today emerged during the 19th century. Images from this time show the Cocker Spaniel as a companion to hunters during bird hunting in England. The addition of “Cocker” comes from the English Woodcock, a sought-after prey at the time.

The English Cocker Spaniel was one of the first dogs officially recognized by the Kennel Club in 1873. The first international breed association was established in 1904, and later the breed was classified by the FCI into Group 8, Section 2 of the hunting dogs. In the United States, too, the English Cocker Spaniel has been known as a hunting companion and one of the most popular breeds. It is important to note that the original English Cocker Spaniel should not be confused with its close relative, the American Cocker Spaniel, which is bred in the USA as a long-haired show dog.

Appearance of the English Cocker Spaniel

The English Cocker Spaniel is a medium-sized and sturdy dog ​​with a withers height of about 40 centimeters and a weight between 12.5 and 14.5 kilograms. A characteristic feature of the breed is the low-set, long pendulous ears. The coat is smooth, silky, and available in a variety of colors, including solid variations in black, brown, or white as well as bicolor and tricolor patterns.

Genetic factors come into play with coat coloration. Coat color (black, red, and liver) and coat patterns (solid and spotted) are determined by a combination of different genes. There are various coat patterns such as Roan, Ticked, and Open Marked. The genetic diversity is also evident in the different color patterns, including Solid (monochrome), Roan (spotted), Ticked (speckled), and Open Marked (openly marked). Additionally, all coat colors and patterns can also have Tan Markings appearing on the muzzle, eyes, chest, legs, and under the tail.

Character and Temperament

As the English Cocker Spaniel is a former hunting dog, it is always active and alert. Contrary to its well-behaved appearance, the breed is spirited and almost lively. A Cocker Spaniel enjoys barking a lot and is happiest when constantly in action. Due to its passionate retrieving and tracking instincts, the Spaniel may disappear into the undergrowth while walking without a leash. Rough terrain and impenetrable thickets do not deter the dog. Overall, the English Cocker Spaniel is a fearless, cheerful dog with tremendous endurance. It gets along well with other dogs and is always friendly to strangers. Its great passion is water.

Affection Level	High
Friendliness	Medium
Kid-Friendly	High
Pet-Friendly	Medium
Exercise Needs	High
Playfulness	Medium
Energy Level	High
Trainability	High
Intelligence	Medium
Tendency to Bark	High
Amount of Shedding	Medium

Acquiring an English Cocker Spaniel

What should I consider when buying?

Before purchasing an English Cocker Spaniel, you should be absolutely sure that the breed suits you. After all, the dog will remain a part of your family for 12 to 15 years. Due to its high propensity for barking, it’s best not to keep the Cocker in a rental apartment. A large house with a garden is the perfect home for the breed. Once you’ve decided on the Cocker, you’ll need to find a trustworthy breeder first. It’s best to choose one who is a member of the American Spaniel Club and has a lot of experience in breeding. Only here can you be sure that the puppy has no genetic diseases and has a stable character.

For a purebred and healthy puppy, you should budget around $1000. The Cocker Spaniel comes in many different special colors. So, you can choose between liver, blue roan, golden, and much more. However, you should not base your choice solely on color. There are also loving English Cocker Spaniels in need available in animal shelters.

Consistent Training and Education of the English Cocker Spaniel

Consistent training of the English Cocker Spaniel is essential. These intelligent and loyal dogs need thoughtful training from an early age. They quickly recognize when you’re not serious and can then behave stubbornly. Aggressive training methods are out of place with these sensitive dogs. Instead, they respond best to gentle, consistent training methods with many rewards.

Socialization plays an equally important role. The English Cocker Spaniel is naturally social and compatible, which facilitates socialization. Allow your dog to make contact with other dogs and animals early on to ensure that it remains well-adjusted and friendly. Their hunting instinct poses a challenge, especially during walks in nature. Once they catch a scent, it can be difficult to concentrate on commands. Therefore, start training early to be able to walk without a leash.

When training, it’s important to show patience and be consistent. These dogs learn quickly but require clear instructions and positive reinforcement. Their hunting instinct can sometimes be a challenge, especially when they encounter birds or other small animals.

It’s also important to consider their working character. As hunting dogs, they need both mental and physical challenges. Incorporate games that promote their hunting skills and ensure regular physical activities to manage their energy.

How to Care for an English Cocker Spaniel?

English Cocker Spaniels are excellent family dogs. They are characterized by their zest for life and loyalty. With their friendly and playful nature, they are ideal companions for children. However, due to their high energy levels and the need for consistent training, they may not be the best choice for absolute beginners in dog ownership.

The suitability as a beginner dog depends largely on your willingness to invest time and energy in training and socialization. With the right guidance and support, however, even novice dog owners can successfully care for and train an English Cocker Spaniel.

For hunting enthusiasts, the English Cocker Spaniel is an excellent choice. Their historical role as a hunting dog for woodcocks and other birds makes them competent and enthusiastic hunting companions. It’s important to promote and develop their hunting skills with appropriate training methods.

Activities with the English Cocker Spaniel

The English Cocker Spaniel is a former hunting dog that requires daily intensive exercise to stay fit. Once its family is involved, it can be enthusiastic about any activity. It needs plenty of outdoor movement and engagement. During walks, you should always keep an eye on the dog, as its hunting instinct can take over when it sees small animals. Cocker Spaniels are particularly enthusiastic about retrieving exercises and swimming. The English Cocker Spaniel is a real water lover. Dog sports that support their tracking abilities also provide suitable stimulation for Cockers. They especially enjoy foraging in the natural underbrush and love nose work. You can also take a well-trained English Cocker Spaniel jogging or cycling.

English Cocker Spaniels from working lines, in particular, exhibit strong working traits. They are ideal for various dog sports and enjoy challenges that demand both their physical and mental abilities. Their intelligence and obedience make them suitable for activities such as agility, flyball, and other athletic pursuits.

Health and Genetic Disorders

English Cocker Spaniels are generally robust dogs, but they can be susceptible to certain health issues, including hip dysplasia, patellar luxation, and various heart problems. In addition, some inherited ear conditions and the so-called “rage syndrome,” which manifests as unprovoked aggression, are known.

To prevent or effectively manage these issues, regular veterinary check-ups are essential. Pay attention to a balanced diet and adequate exercise, as overweight can increase the risk of hip dysplasia and heart problems. Special diets and supplements can also contribute to joint health support. Be careful not to overfeed your Spaniel, as these dogs tend to be greedy.

Grooming an English Cocker Spaniel

Grooming the coat of an English Cocker Spaniel is very time-consuming and labor-intensive. You should regularly brush the long hair, ideally two to three times a week, to prevent matting and knots. After walks, it’s important to remove all dirt, burrs, wood pieces, and any potential parasites from the coat. The English Cocker Spaniel’s preference for tours through thickets makes this an indispensable part of the grooming routine.

The long hair on the ears and paws must also be regularly trimmed. These areas require special attention as they are susceptible to infections. Look out for signs of redness or unusual odors. Clean and keep the ears regularly dry, especially after swimming or bathing.

Special Attention to Ear and Coat Care:

It’s normal for English Cocker Spaniels, especially during shedding, to shed more hair. Regular brushing helps remove loose hair and promotes skin health. If you notice excessive hair loss, consult a veterinarian to rule out possible skin problems or allergies.

Coat care is not only important for the dog’s appearance but also for its overall health. A well-groomed coat supports skin health and helps prevent skin problems.

How Should an English Cocker Spaniel Be Fed?

The diet of an English Cocker Spaniel should be tailored to its size, age, activity level, and individual health needs. High-quality dog food containing all the necessary nutrients is essential. Since English Cocker Spaniels may be prone to obesity, it’s important to control their food portions and ensure regular exercise. Fresh water should always be available. If you have questions about your dog’s optimal nutrition, you can consult a veterinarian or a pet nutritionist.

Comparison: English Cocker Spaniel vs. American Cocker Spaniel

English Cocker Spaniels and American Cocker Spaniels share a common origin, but different breeding standards have produced two similar yet distinct dogs. The English Cocker Spaniel originates from England, while the American Cocker Spaniel comes from North America. These breeds diverged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as new breed standards were established on both sides of the Atlantic.

Impact on Breeding and Breed Standards:

The English Cocker Spaniel is generally slightly larger than the American Cocker Spaniel. It weighs between 11.8 and 15.4 kg and stands about 38 to 43 cm tall. In contrast, the American Cocker Spaniel weighs between 9 and 13.6 kg and reaches a height of about 30 to 33 cm. English Cocker Spaniels are known for being almost as wide as they are tall, while American Cocker Spaniels are longer than they are tall. Additionally, the English Cocker Spaniel has a broader and flatter head and more widely spaced eyes, while the American Cocker Spaniel has a rounder head and narrower eyes.

Interesting Facts

The English Cocker Spaniel has always been a popular breed. These dogs are not only seen in numerous paintings by Dürer, Tizian, Rubens, and Rembrandt but are also very popular among British celebrities today. Singer Elton John has had many dogs over time, but his Cocker Spaniel Arthur holds a special place. Arthur accompanied the singer several times on the red carpet and even served as a witness at his wedding. Prince William and Duchess Kate also have a black Cocker Spaniel named Lupo. He was seen, for example, in the family photo for the birth of Prince George and on his third birthday.

Do you also have an English Cocker Spaniel or are you planning to get one? Tell me what makes your Spaniel so special!