When a dog pants, drinks more water, and feels unusually warm, suspicion of fever arises. But what mechanisms underlie the development of fever in dogs, and what should be done when the dog’s normal temperature is elevated? It’s important for dog owners to know how to measure a dog’s fever so they can independently monitor the body temperature. Unattended high fever in dogs can be life-threatening.

What does fever in dogs mean and how does it occur?

To maintain the dog’s normal temperature, its body undergoes its own thermoregulation. The optimal temperature, also known as the set temperature, is stored in the dog’s brain. The current body temperature is constantly monitored by sensors throughout the body and compared with the set value in the brain. Deviations lead to symptoms that either regulate the temperature up or down to reach the required set value.

However, in the case of fever, there is a deliberate increase in the set temperature in the brain. In most cases, the elevated temperature serves to kill certain pathogens such as viruses or bacteria. Additionally, the high temperatures activate certain cells of the immune system, further enhancing defense against pathogens. The dog’s body reacts to the increased set value with typical changes that lead to a rise in temperature, allowing dog owners to recognize fever in their pets.

How do I recognize fever in dogs: You should know these fever symptoms

The main symptoms of fever in dogs aim to increase the body’s heat production, causing the body temperature to rise above the dog’s normal temperature. Shivering or trembling leads to increased muscle activity, contributing to heat generation.

Often, metabolism also accelerates, resulting in an increased pulse, for example.

However, some fever symptoms in dogs also arise directly from increased heat production or fluid loss. For example, increased panting is meant for heat dissipation but is associated with fluid loss. Dogs compensate for this with increased drinking. The most common signs of fever in dogs are:

Often, elevated temperature can be felt by hand in particularly hot areas of the body. These are usually hairless or lightly haired regions such as the inner ears, armpits, or the dog’s belly. If dog owners observe these fever symptoms in their pets, a visit to the veterinarian is recommended. Numerous dog diseases could be the cause.

The veterinarian can determine the cause of the fever in the dog and carry out appropriate treatment. For those unsure if their dog has a fever, a self-measurement of fever can be performed initially.

How to Measure Fever in Dogs?

For measuring fever in dogs, a regular thermometer, commonly used in the human field, is suitable. For dogs that may resist this examination, there are also specialized thermometers designed for dogs. These work very quickly and therefore only need to be applied briefly.

Ear thermometers for humans are less suitable for dogs as they may show significant deviations in animals. For hygienic handling of the thermometer, there are disposable protective covers available for the tip of the thermometer. Alternatively, clean and disinfect the thermometer tip thoroughly after use.

The thermometer is inserted into the rectum for the most accurate measurement of the dog’s temperature. Before this rectal measurement, it is advisable to lubricate the thermometer tip with a little vaseline. During the measurement, the thermometer tip should be kept as close to the wall of the rectum as possible to measure the actual body temperature of the dog rather than the temperature of the air in the intestine.

Most thermometers signal the completion of the measurement with an audible tone. The dog’s temperature can then be read on the digital display and compared with the normal temperature range for dogs.

Normal Temperature: When Does a Dog Have a Fever?

Before measuring a dog’s fever, it is essential to know when a dog has a fever. The normal body temperature for adult dogs ranges between 101° to 102.5° Fahrenheit (38.0 and 39.0 °C). Puppies tend to have a slightly higher core body temperature, up to 103° F (39.5 °C). If the measured value is above this range, it indicates an elevated temperature. If the dog’s temperature consistently rises above 106° F (41 °C), it is a life-threatening condition as the heat in the body can damage proteins and organs.

How to React to Elevated Body Temperature?

If the dog has a fever, rest is crucial, and physical activity should be avoided. Additionally, dog owners should offer their feverish pets plenty of water and food with high moisture content. The dog must be continuously observed, and vital signs should be checked. As a first measure, cold towels can be placed on the dog’s abdomen and paws.

When Should You Go to the Veterinarian?

At the latest, when the dog’s body temperature rises above 40 °C, a visit to the veterinarian is urgently recommended. This is also the case when:

In these cases, the risk of fever-related complications is higher, and it is advisable to promptly identify the cause of the fever.

What Can the Veterinarian Do for Fever in Dogs?

Generally, the focus of veterinary treatment is on addressing the underlying cause of the fever. If bacterial infection is the cause, antibiotics are commonly prescribed. Different antiviral medications are available for viral infections, while anti-inflammatory preparations are necessary for inflammation.

When the prescribed medications show their effect, the fever usually subsides, as the dog’s body no longer perceives a reason to elevate the temperature. Meanwhile, close monitoring is essential to prevent a life-threatening increase in the dog’s body temperature.

For this purpose, the veterinarian can prescribe antipyretic agents. Electrolytes in the form of infusions or isotonic drinks prevent complications or further illnesses in the dog due to excessive fluid loss.

Antipyretic Medications for Dogs

Here are some common antipyretic medications that a veterinarian may prescribe:

However, pet owners should never administer medications independently without consulting a veterinary practice first. The precise diagnosis of the underlying problem is crucial to ensure the best treatment for the dog.

Lowering Temperature with Home Remedies

Fever in dogs is concerning, but there are some safe and natural ways to lower your furry friend’s body temperature. However, it’s essential to consult with a veterinarian before using these home remedies to ensure they are suitable for your dog.

It is important to emphasize that these home remedies are not a substitute for professional veterinary care. In case of persistent fever or other concerning symptoms, promptly seek a veterinary practice.